The Hazards Of Extreme Heat And How To Safeguard Yourself

The hazards of extreme heat and how to safeguard yourself. High temperatures not only make us uncomfortable but also carry serious risks to our health, even leading to fatalities in some cases. Surprisingly, hazards of extreme heat rank as the number one killer among natural disasters, surpassing the combined toll of hurricanes and tornadoes. Regrettably, heat-related deaths have been on the rise since 1980, with over a 70% increase which was reported in a study from 2021. With the ongoing climate crisis, these high temperatures are expected to go downhill, resulting in longer-lasting heat waves, especially in regions unfamiliar with such conditions.

Most heat-related health issues are avoidable, and three of the most common conditions to watch out for are dehydration, heatstroke, and heat exhaustion.

Dehydration Is One Of The Hazards Of Extreme Hea

Dehydration is one of the main hazards of extreme heat. When you expel more fluids than you intake, dehydration occurs, disrupting the body's proper functioning. It's vital to drink fluids before heading off into the heat. Waiting until you become thirsty might mean you're already becoming hydrated. When outside, especially when working or exercising in the heat, regularly drink water (8 ounces) every 15 to 20 minutes. Although, avoid consuming more than 48 ounces per hour, as excessive water intake can lead to low sodium levels and other health issues.

Heatstroke Serves As Another Hazard

Heatstroke is the most concerning consequence of extreme heat. When humidity rises above 75%, sweating becomes less effective in cooling the body. If the body's temperature rises rapidly, natural cooling mechanisms, like sweating, fail, and the body's temperature can reach a dangerous 106 degrees or higher within a few minutes. This can result in disability or even death. Specific groups, like older adults, people taking specific medications, children, and people under the influence of alcohol, are more susceptible to heat regulation issues. If you’re suspicious of heatstroke in someone, move them to a cool or shady area, provide cooling measures like wet towels, and seek immediate medical treatment.

Heat Exhaustion Is One Of The Worst Hazards

Heat exhaustion is another one of the hazards of extreme heat and occurs when excessive sweating leads to the loss of water or salt from the body. It is predominantly common in high temperatures combined with high humidity or during intense physical activities. Symptoms include saturated skin with goosebumps, heavy sweating, feeling faint, rapid heart rate, muscle cramps, headache, or nausea. Resting in the shade or in an air-conditioned area and drinking cool water can help ease heat exhaustion. If symptoms persist, medical attention should be sought.

In order to stay healthy in extreme heat, it is important to monitor the heat index, which considers humidity along with temperature, as it affects the risk of heat-related illnesses. Limit activities to cooler places, especially for vulnerable groups like the elderly and young children. Keep hydrated by drinking water before you begin to feel thirsty. Heat-related illnesses are preventable with the correct approach and precautionary measures.

Extreme heat can lead to various causes of death, including heart and breathing issues, as well as mental health problems, poor birth outcomes for pregnant women, and other critical issues. Remembering the heat index and taking preventive measures can help reduce the risks and protect our health during these scorching conditions.